About the criterion
Although the calculations refer to fully renewable raw materials, fossil fuels are currently used in the cultivation and production.
In future, it will be possible to replace this fossil energy with renewable energy, although at reduced efficiency.
Greenhouse gas emissions are reported as CO2 equivalents. In other words, emissions of greenhouse gases other than carbon dioxide are converted to the equivalent quantities of carbon dioxide.
The five-interval scale shows the reduction in CO2 emissions compared with conventional diesel fuel. Non-fossil CO2 emissions are not included since they do not produce a net increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide.
The results for the same fuel may vary depending on the production process used.
'Well-to-wheel' means that all relevant stages of the fuel chain are considered. This includes the cultivation (including fertilisation) and harvesting of the raw material, its transport to the fuel production plant, production and distribution of the fuel to refuelling stations, and its use in vehicles.
Source: EUCAR/CONCAWE/JRC and AB Volvo